Browse Items (20 total)

Objective: An updated systematic review was carried out of research studieslooking at the value and impact of library services on health outcomes forpatients and time saved by health professionals.Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was undertaken of the publishedliterature to September 2003 in , , , , , theCochrane Controlled Trials Register and Google. Some handsearching was carriedout, reference lists were scanned and experts in the field were contacted. Twenty-eight research studies of professionally led libraries for health-care staff, includingclinical librarian projects, met the inclusion criterion of at least one health or ‘timesaved’ outcome. Papers were critically appraised using internationally acceptedcriteria. Data were extracted and results were summarised using a narrative formatas the studies were heterogeneous and precluded a statistical analysis.Results: There is evidence of impact from both traditional and clinical librar-ian services. The higher quality studies of traditional services measured impactsof 37–97% on general patient care, 10–31% on diagnosis, 20–51% on choice oftests, 27–45% on choice of therapy and 10–19% on reduced length of stay. Fourstudies of clinical librarian projects suggested that professionals saved time asa result of clinical librarian input, and two of these studies showed evidenceof cost-effectiveness. However, the clinical librarian studies were generallysmaller, with poorer quality standards.Conclusions: Research studies suggest that professionally led library serviceshave an impact on health outcomes for patients and may lead to time savings forhealth-care professionals. The available studies vary greatly in quality but thebetter quality studies also suggest positive impacts. Good practice can be gatheredfrom these studies to guide the development of a pragmatic survey for libraryservices that includes the direct effects for patients among the outcome measures.

In developing countries, informal firms (those that are not registered with the government) account
for about half of all economic activity. We consider three broad views of the role of such firms in
economic development. According to the romantic view, these firms would become the engine of
economic growth if not stopped by government regulation. According to the parasite view, informal
firms, by avoiding taxes and regulations, unfairly compete with the more efficient formal firms and,
by taking away their market share, undermine economic progress. According to the dual view, informal
firms are highly inefficient, do not pose much threat to the formal firms, but also do not contribute
to economic growth, which is driven by the efficient formal firms.
Using data from World Bank firm level surveys, we find that informal firms are small and extremely
unproductive, compared even to the small formal firms, and especially relative to the larger formal
firms. Compared to the informal firms, formal ones are run by much better educated managers. As
a consequence, they use more capital, have different customers, market their products, and use more
external finance. Hardly any formal firms had ever operated informally. This evidence is inconsistent
with the romantic and parasite views, but supports the dual view. In this "Walmart" theory of economic
development, growth comes from the creation of the highly productive formal firms. Informal firms
keep millions of people alive, but disappear over time.

The "Hours of Étienne Chevalier" is one of the most famous and lavishly illuminated manuscripts of the fifteenth century. It was painted for the treasurer of France by Jean Fouquet, court artist to kings Charles VII and Louis XI, who worked not only as a miniaturist but also as a panel painter. The Lehman miniature decorates the page that contains the opening words of the evening prayer (vespers) for the Hours of the Holy Spirit. It shows the faithful standing in the foreground on a terrace, looking up at the hand of God, as demons flee to the left and right. The subject is highly unusual, as is the topographically accurate depiction of medieval Paris, in which the cathedral of Notre Dame, the spire of Saint-Chapelle, the Pont Saint-Michel, and other monuments of the Île de la Cité (including the Hôtel de Nesle, where the figures stand) are immediately recognizable.

Do you know why the heart is so important? In The Human Heart for Kids video, you will learn that the heart, apart from pumping blood, also carries lots of other important things throughout the body. The heart is an organ made up mostly of muscle, and it plays a vital role in keeping you and your body healthy and strong.

The human heart is one the most important organs of the body that is essential for survival. It is part of the circulatory system, which is the body system that carries blood and other substances to and from the heart. The other main parts of the circulatory system are blood vessels, which include veins, arteries, and capillaries. And the heart beats automatically because it's controlled by the autonomic nervous system. In 24 hours, your heart averages about 115,000 beats per day!

So how does the heart work exactly? Well, the heart consists of left and right ventricles at the bottom and left and right atriums at the top. Blood pushes through the atriums into the ventricles on each side of the heart through little "gates" every time the heart beats. These gates basically help ensure the blood flows in the right direction. The blood travels through the different vessels throughout the rest of the body. You can think of blood vessels as little train tracks that carry blood to different parts of the body. The trip for a single drop of blood throughout the body takes only about a minute.

Blood carries oxygen, food, minerals, and vitamins as well, and all these things help your body move, grow, and make repairs. In fact, they even help you think! The stuff in your blood that the body doesn't need gets set out as waste through the lungs, kidneys, and liver. To keep your heart healthy, there are a few things you can do. Exercising will help strengthen the muscles of your heart. Eating fruits and vegetables also helps keep your arteries clear. Drinking plenty of water is also essential because water makes up about 83% of the heart. If you don't have enough water, your heart can become less and less healthy. Finally, remember to move around. Moving around helps both your body and your mind.

We hope you and your student(s) enjoyed learning about how your heart works! If you want to learn even more, head over to our website and download one of our many free lesson plans about the heart, full of activities, worksheets, and more!

To provide an indication of the economic, social, and psychological impact of musculoskeletal conditions in the United States. The cost of musculoskeletal conditions was $149.4 billion in 1992, of which 48% was due to direct medical care costs and the remainder was due to indirect costs resulting from wage losses. This amount translates to ˜2.5% of the Gross National Product, a sharp rise since the prior studies, even if part of the increase is an artifact of improved accounting methods. Each year, persons with musculoskeletal conditions make 315 million physician visits, have more than 8 million hospital admissions, and experience ˜1.5 billion days of restricted activity. Approximately 42% of persons with musculoskeletal conditions–more than 17 million in all–are limited in their activities. The economic and social costs of musculoskeletal conditions are substantial. These conditions are responsible for a sizable amount of health care use and disability, and they significantly affect the psychological status of the individuals with the conditions as well as their families.

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the data and metadata models used by national libraries that publish their collections following the principles of Linked Open Data (LOD). Using the Crosswalk method, the study mapped the classes and properties adopted by different institutions, identifying conceptual convergences, terminological variations, and distinct modeling strategies. The results reveal heterogeneous practices, ranging from simplified models to robust, ontology-based structures. Despite shared core entities such as Work and Person, semantic differences remain regarding the scope and level of detail. The findings support the development of semantic alignment strategies and shared vocabularies to improve interoperability.

What do teenage boys read, and why? Little study has been done specifically of boys′ reading habits, leading to the suspicion that much public library selection for this group has been based on guesswork and intuition. This study sought to fill this gap in our knowledge through 60 one‐to‐one structured interviews of a stratified sample of 13‐15‐year‐old boys, approached through four Essex secondary schools. Discovers that reading compares favourably with other leisure pursuits,most boys reading regularly for 40 minutes per day on average, or one book per fortnight. Selecting fiction by genre, author and series, but chiefly by the blurb, boys are diverse in their tastes. Fifteen‐year‐olds read predominantly adult novels or have effectively ceased reading. The boys read reflectively, and are equally divided between those who imagine the story unfolding in their imaginations,those who imagine their own involvement, and those who do neither. Finds that the use of non‐fiction is lower and less important to teenage boys than had been believed. Draws implications for library provision for this group.

Paradoxes of Media and Information Literacy contributes to ongoing conversations about control of knowledge and different ways of knowing. It does so by analysing why media and information literacy (MIL) is proposed as a solution for addressing the current information crisis. Questioning why MIL is commonly believed to wield such power, the book throws into sharp relief several paradoxes that are built into common understandings of such literacies. Haider and Sundin take the reader on a journey across different fields of practice, research and policymaking, including librarianship, information studies, teaching and journalism, media and communication and the educational sciences. The authors also consider national information policy proposals and the recommendations of NGOs or international bodies, such as UNESCO and the OECD. Showing that MIL plays an active role in contemporary controversies, such as those on climate change or vaccination, Haider and Sundin argue that such controversies challenge existing notions of fact and ignorance, trust and doubt, and our understanding of information access and information control. The book thus argues for the need to unpack and understand the contradictions forming around these notions in relation to MIL, rather than attempting to arrive at a single, comprehensive definition. Paradoxes of Media and Information Literacy combines careful analytical and conceptual discussions with an in-depth understanding of information practices and of the contemporary information infrastructure. It is essential reading for scholars and students engaged in library and information studies, media and communication, journalism studies and the educational sciences.

A talk-centered qualitative analysis of three hundred Indian village assemblies, revealing how the deliberation between citizens in a mass democracy is influenced by state policy and literacy. Essential reading for those interested in participation, development, and deliberative democracy. This title is also available as Open Access.

When speaking about profit, good management means everything, but in the same time, without healthy people it could also turn into nothing. And more than this, health is in fact the driving asset and the most valuable one in every domain, in any company, at all times. In order to achieve the goal, management of health services should be a healthy management, a one which operates using the most appropriate techniques and methods in order to obtain best results. The problems themselves should be transformed in order to make a virtuous complex out of a vicious circle. This is very important since otherwise the vicious circle affects the present health status and will affect the future one also. More than this, turning problem circle into a virtuous complex resides in managements power and would help valuating a good health status and all information related for the interest of the entire economy and society according to knowledge based economy trend in order to be competitive on a very tough market and especially into the present worldwide crisis situation.